This book presents the results of a large study on the health and nutritional status of a significant sample of a southern Sudanese population belonging to three Nilotic tribes (Dinka, Nuer and Shilluk), realized between 1979 and 1984, in the Upper Nile State. Three studies were carried out: a cross-sectional study, a longitudinal study of 364 pregnant women and their newborn child until age 3, as well as a survey concerned the traditional way of life and believes and the socio-cultural aspects. The study was interrupted by the civil war in 1984.